The concept of scientific management case study

The idea of logical administration contextual investigation The idea of logical administration can be characterized as the activity of the logical strategy to characterize the most proper or most ideal path for a vocation to be finished. Significant Contributions in this field is made by Frederick W. Taylor, who is considered as the dad of logical administration. Taylors work at the Bethlehem Steel organizations propelled his anxiety in improving effectiveness. Frederick W. Taylor tried to create a psychological change among the two laborers and administrators by characterizing straightforward rules towards improving creation effectiveness. Through these, Frederick W. Taylor was adroit to characterize the most reasonable or one most ideal route for carrying out each responsibility. Frederick W. Taylor achieved consistent enhancements in profitability in the scope of about 200 percent. He recognized the job of supervisors to design and oversee and of laborers to follow up on as they were told (Daniel, 1992)â [1]â . The extension of the execu tives hypotheses has been portrayed by varying thoughts with respect to what directors do and how they ought to do it. It is accepted that logical administration pored over administration from the post of upgrading the profitability and competency of manual laborers. Frederick W. Taylors Four Principles of Scientific Management incorporates cautiously concentrate all aspects of the errand logically and develop a best strategy to play out that specific task..He likewise recommended to painstakingly pick laborers and set them up to play out an assignment with the utilization of deductively created approach (Daniel, 1992)1. Time concentrates as depicted by Taylor proceed to the possibility of the get together parade which is reasonably open up for an association. The term of Scientific administration has been initially chosen as a sign to progressives goals of the 1910s. Logical administration, from the outset the insufficiency of free enterprise and the vital job of impartial elites (Haber, 1964)â [2]â ! The functionalist symbolism utilized in The Principles of Scientific Management presents the Taylorist approach as a lot of remedies to show signs of improvement a couple of tries. Essentially mental change arranged may be an intrigue for a social duty of specialists just as controlled people of the association. (Daniel, 1992)1. The ongoing global advancement of new musings is a consequence of the inner upheaval of firms just as a part of cooperation between reformist activities at the turning of the century. Anyway without accepting genuinely in all of too amiable affirmations of social agreement, how might the characteristic of this talk of modernization would be truly considered and broke down. On the contrary side Taylor saw that - the intensity of the gifted laborers was the absence of intensity with respect to the executives. Taylor in this manner stretched out as his objective the restoration of intensity over under the control of the executives. He didn't see this regarding a question between social gatherings. In Taylors see, there is need of logical investigation of the work procedure so as to upgrade profitability and productivity which would be of advantage for all. Anyway the current framework not ready to give this and consequently required principal change. Taylor accepted that endeavors levels and motivation frameworks ought to be resolved on logical premise. It was not the consequence of haggling and question between talented specialists and supervisors. In this way he started to take a gander at different ways where the creation framework could be rebuilt (Daniel, 1992)1. Taylors 4 Principles of Scientific Management Taylor proposed the accompanying four standards of logical administration which he closed following quite a while of different trials to decide ideal work techniques:- Team up with the laborers to ensure that the logically evolved approaches are being followed. Disseminate complete work about similarly among supervisors and laborers, for example, the administrators apply logical administration belief system to arranging the work and the laborers basically play out the undertakings. Trade general guideline work strategies with procedures dependent on a logical investigation of the undertakings. Deductively pick, mentor, and build up every specialist rather than latently leaving them to prepare themselves (Daniel, 1992)1. These every one of the four standards were executed in numerous creation units just as industrial facilities which concentrated on expanding efficiency through a factor of either at least three standards. It is a proof that Henry Ford applied some of Taylors standards in his association and car/vehicle manufacturing plants just as families and the aftereffect of a similar all these began to play out their individual and family assignments premise on the result of time and movement examines (Daniel, 1992)1. Any conversation of logical administration needs to recognize its specific relevant highlights. These component gaggle Taylor in two ways. First course which is embedded in all modem modern frameworks concerns the necessity for arranging of the creation procedure. Notwithstanding, the other bearing was engaged towards a particular model of how the work procedure could be organized. It depended on a procedure of speculation of abilities and deskilling. Based on explicit American setting, for a period being, it might be effective in that unique circumstance at the same time, as an increasingly nonexclusive way, it was not ordinarily embraced in light of the fact that in different nations, favored, administrators just as laborers had various desires for their specific jobs. So gifted work keep hold of a more noteworthy centrality in a lot a larger number of nations and parts than Taylor would have anticipated (Daniel, 1992)1. Utilization of Scientific Management in the event that review Human Resource or Staffing costs take up the biggest portion of the spending plan in all major significant clinics. There should be compelling procedures that ought to be centered around overseeing enlistment, disorder and nonappearance staff, which can offer significant advantages. Required changes practically speaking are one thing however empowering manageable improvements which is commonly considered as an increasingly troublesome test. Work with valuable in tolerating how to accomplish long haul change and how to continually improve standard practice ought to be significant concern (Koontz, 1986)â [3]â . In the given instance of Aidensfield Hospitals Trust (AHT) it is uncover that Human asset the board organization is by and by controlled from a focal HR division, albeit a few territories of the associations individuals the executives practices, for example, representative determination, order, complaint and correspondence have been designated to line the board inside free gathering working courses of action. Be that as it may, slack detailing structures, feeble lines of correspondence, alongside poorly characterized restrictions of power and responsibility have brought about job vagueness inside the line chiefs. Thusly, this is reflected in work weakness, low confidence and helpless inspiration at operational level (Tsoukas, 1994)â [4]â It additionally recommended that working nearby the Human Resources group at ATH must embrace a demonstrative survey of current procedures. To apply this underlying lean execution action, upheld with a prologue to help techniques and waste walk, pin-pointed the primary regions for development inside the office that may incorporate ailment and nonappearance rates and the lead-time for enrollment to unfilled or empty posts. It likewise require, the total procedure stream arranging of infection and nonappearance the board distinguished delays, holes all the while and an absence of normalization (Koontz,1986)â [5]â . Extra spotlight likewise proposed on delays through root premise investigation upheld by the group in perceiving answers for the key issues, which may include: Case conferencing Obligatory preparing Execution pointers Task arranging Streamlined techniques and documentation Procedure mapping of enlistment exercises are the significant difficulties which required to be featured through the framework. The new necessity examination ought to be accomplished for Job plan which is a piece of opportunity filling. These means center out of grouping, principles being followed and further deferrals may emerge in Occupational Health and patients checking and conclusion (Goold, 2002)â [6]â . The underlying driver investigation may enable the group to work at ATH on various expected arrangements that may incorporate:- Straightforward execution measures Limit coordinating measures Isolated enlistment from work plan Standard enlistment methods Request Building on completely recommended improvement The ATH the board should work with the Human Resources group to build up their inward base ability so as to support new upgrades. All the staff ought to require to achieve preparing workshop which given them abilities in procedures, for example, general procedure mapping and organized issue examination just as fathoming. At ATH numerous job uncertainty and a level of irregularity in regards to individuals the board game plans is obvious inside administrative evaluations in the association ought to be expelled. More accentuation on Delegation, correspondence, group building and worker strengthening have all been hazardous issues for supervisors, worker's organization agents and representatives of this wellbeing specialist co-op. As an administrator authority is critical to the achievement of ATH. A mindful, equipped and proficient pioneer will gain the regard and backing of all the staff. Supervisors who appear by model that they are acting as per a sound worth framework and a high ha rd working attitude are well making a course for dealing with an effective emergency clinic. To do this, supervisors need individual objectives. The group must have an unmistakable technique for themselves and convey this plainly to other people. Anyway cooperation that includes all degrees of staff, beginning with the administration, building up a mutual vision and reason for the medical clinic inside its common basic beliefs is an approach to bring together individuals from various foundations and callings. To improve the HR capacities at ATH is recommended that the association to perform successfully in this exceptionally serious en

International human rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Worldwide human rights - Essay Example Interview with workers is with their agents and not singular representatives. The definition and job of the agent body will rely upon national enactment and working environment practices1. Aggregate haggling is to be utilized at the work environment, so as to determine debates among bosses and representatives. Different arrangements identifying with working environment have been actualized by the rule, and the business can incorporate certain approaches at his prudence. This order was actualized by the Information and Consultation Regulations, whose point of reference was the European Works Council Directive of 19942. The new order will require the UK to give a widespread right to its workers in different foundations and endeavors. Incorporation of the new order into the national enactment of the UK will require the administration to institute an all inclusive legal system for workers. â€Å"Transposition of the EU data and conference Directive implies that the UK presently has, just because, a general legal structure giving workers the option to demand being educated and counseled by their managers on a scope of key business, work and rebuilding issues3.†The existing authoritative technique of the legislature is giving more prominent adaptability to bosses while reacting to the EU Regulations. Businesses can start exchanges on understandings that are explicitly intended for organizations4. â€Å"Since the mid 1970’s †bosses in the UK have confronted lawful commitments, radiating basically from EU Directives, to educate and talk with workers on explicit issues, for example, redundancies and business transfers5.† They are under a lawful obligation to illuminate and talk with their representatives, in regard of certain arrangement matters, for example, redundancies and business moves. In the year 1994, the ECJ decided that businesses were under a commitment to counsel and

Using Industry Average Multiples For Valuation Finance Essay

Utilizing Industry Average Multiples For Valuation Finance Essay Valuation of value portions of an organization is a significant exercise and is performed on different events, be it speculation choice in a specific organization, merger, obtaining, rebuilding, open issue, and so forth. Utilizing industry normal different is a typical practice, particularly when an unlisted security is to be esteemed. The examination takes a gander at eight businesses and endeavors to determine (a) which is the most steady industry normal different by utilizing the factual instrument coefficient of variety and (b) which would be the most significant money related execution parameter, which could be driving various of a specific security inside the business by utilizing measurable apparatus of coefficient of connection. Official Summary An organization will get esteemed/re-esteemed on various events, for example, raising capital, offer of business, trade of offers, issue of investment opportunities, and so forth. Valuation of traded on an open market protections is very clear and regularly directed for various occasions, while valuation of daintily exchanged or un-exchanged protections requires some exceptional methodologies. There are three primary ways to deal with security valuation, for example, limited incomes, resource based valuation and comparables. Comparables are viewed as one of the most helpful and pragmatic strategy. Perfect methodology inside comparables is to discover a traded on an open market organization which is actually similar to the organization being esteemed and receive a suitable numerous as valuation metric. Finding such an organization is a test. Regardless of whether an organization is monetarily indistinguishable, numerous non-money related factors, for example, general market notoriety, stock liquidity, and so on could be affected its valuation of a specific stock. Specialists regularly use industry normal products to counter this inconsistency. They could be utilized on an independent premise or alongside a lot of careful comparables. The articles investigations the idea of industry products in eight enterprises: Private segment banks, Public segment banks, General food handling, Agri Inputs, Edible Oil, Rice, Sugar, Plantations (tea, espresso, blossoms) and Auto-segments and attempts to respond to two inquiries: Which is the most fitting industry normal different? The measure utilized is co-effective of variety. Products utilized are Market Capitalisation (MCap)/Profit After Tax, Enterprise Value (EV)/Earnings Before Interest Taxes Depreciation and Ammortisation (EBITDA), MCap/Book Value, MCap/Sales Which factor is the significant driver of a various in a specific industry? The creator has determined co-productive of connection between's various products and components like incomes, multi year income development, edges, all out resources, arrangements, Return on Equity (ROE), Net worth. EV/EBITDA was the most steady numerous followed by Mcap/PAT (like P/E proportion). Income, total assets and edges were significant drivers. Watchwords: Industry normal numerous, valuation, advertise capitalization, book esteem, coefficient of variety/relationship Foundation There are numerous circumstances wherein an organization will get esteemed/re-esteemed, for example, raising capital, offer of business, trade of offers, issue of investment opportunities, and so on. While, valuation is simple and genuinely managed (SEBI, the controller in India has characterized how a security is to be esteemed for various purposes) for a traded on an open market organization, valuation of a daintily exchanged or un-exchanged protections requires some exceptional methodologies. Now and again, experts additionally esteem an all around exchanged organization to decide if it is esteem reasonable or if there is any conceivable up-side. Various ways to deal with valuation are as portrayed underneath: Comparables Resource Value EBITDA PAT Book Value Deals, and so on. Value DCF Figure 1 Different valuation strategies Resource Value: Resource based methodologies, for example, book esteem (resource less liabilities as reflected in books of records) and feasible worth (showcase estimation of advantage less liabilities) are increasingly significant when the organization/vehicle is twisted up or broken up in any way. Limited Cash Flow (Discounted Cash Flow to the Firm): Limited income is, hypothetically, the best valuation technique. The organization figures its anticipated money related execution. These projections and their presumptions are reviewed against showcase factors, master sentiments. When the gatherings are sure with projections, incomes of the organization (called Cash Flow to the Firm) are determined as follows: EBIT X (1-Tax Rate) Less Working Capital Changes Less Capital Expenditure Add Depreciation. A significant segment of DCF based valuation is the Terminal Value. A year ago in the projection time frame is promoted as: Cash stream in terminal year X (1+ perpetual development rate)/(WACC lasting development rate). This is again limited to figure present estimation of terminal income. This methodology is very much perceived, yet isn't generally utilized because of the accompanying impediments: The model includes various presumptions (I) Entire series of expectations going into computation of money related projections, (ii) Market hazard premium, (iii) Long term development rate, and so forth which makes it extremely abstract. The strategy doesn't work with firms which have un-used resources, are presently re-organizing, which don't have positive working incomes, and so forth. Comparables: One of the most favored strategies for esteeming an organization is contrasting it and an openly exchanged organization of comparable nature called relative valuation. It is likewise the most instinctive strategy we practice it in estimating nearly everything land, things of day by day use, and so on. In relative valuation, the estimation of a benefit is gotten from the evaluating of tantamount resources, normalized utilizing a typical variable, for example, profit, incomes, book worth or incomes. (Damodaran on Valuation: Security Analysis for Investment and Corporate Finance, by Ashwath Damodaran, Wiley Finance) A traded on an open market peer is recognized and contrasted with the organization viable as far as different valuation parameters like Price to Earnings, Price to Book, Price to Sales, Enterprise Value/EBITDA which ever is relevant and appropriately the estimation of the organization/security viable can be determined, for example On the off chance that a similar organization is exchanged at multiple times its profit, the income of the organization viable are increased by 15 to ascertain its worth. The methodology is genuinely basic, in any case, the test lies in finding a definite similar. There can be many separating variables, and some of them could be very unmistakable. The evaluating of the traded on an open market companion would likewise be affected by numerous non-target factors like: general market discernment, advertiser notoriety, antagonistic market bits of gossip, low liquidity in explicit stock, low degree of open holding, and so forth. Considering these, numerous examiners and industry specialists use industry-normal products, on an independent premise just as to direct/support products of an individual or gathering of comparables. This carries us to the inquiries which the article plans to consider over: Which seat imprint ought to be utilized? Each industry has a few mainstream benchmarks, which suitably catch money related and employable qualities, for example, the tea gardens are esteemed at specific occasions of their deals, so are football clubs. Assembling businesses are esteemed at certain season of their EBITDA or PAT all things considered. Be that as it may, if an industry normal is to be utilized, high level of fluctuation in the numerous will bargain its dependability. Another inquiry is the thing that drives a companys valuation. The range in products in numerous businesses will in general be very high. Some unmistakable money related factor could be a significant driver/differentiator for an organization. Which would be the driver in a specific industry? The article endeavors to respond to these inquiries by means of an activity on 214 organizations in 8 distinct enterprises. The creator has: Picked 8 enterprises dependent on his past work understanding Chosen diverse freely recorded organizations in every industry Determined their products and monetary parameters from different databases Checked the changeability of industry midpoints of products by utilizing the measurable device co-proficient of variety to respond to the main inquiry (most dependable benchmark) Run relationship between's a specific industry pertinent seat imprint, for example, multi year development, edges, and so on and the numerous for example relationship between's P/E proportions and book size in banking industry to address the subsequent inquiry. The separation of organizations across businesses is as per the following: Table 1 Sectors and number of organizations utilized in investigation Industry No of organizations Private area banks 14 Open part banks 23 General food preparing 16 Agri Inputs 8 Palatable Oil 17 Rice 7 Sugar 17 Manors (tea, espresso, blossoms) 17 Auto-segments 85 All out 214 The accompanying products were utilized: Market Capitalisation (MCap)/Profit After Tax, Enterprise Value (EV)/Earnings Before Interest Taxes Depreciation and Ammortisation (EBITDA), MCap/Book Value, MCap/Sales. Mcap/PAT is like all the more regularly utilized Price to Earnings per share (P/E), and Mcap/Book Value is like Price to Book esteem per share (P/B). The accompanying money related execution parameters were chosen for investigation: Incomes of most recent accessible budgetary year, multi year income development, edges (PAT edge for banks and EBITDA edges for other people), complete resources, arrangements, Return on Equity (ROE), Net worth Examination Private Sector Banks The accompanying banks were dissected inside private area banks: HDFC Bank Ltd., ICICI Bank Limited, Axis Bank Limited, IndusInd Bank Limited, Yes Bank Ltd, Federal Bank Limited, ING Vysya Bank Limited, The Jammu Kashmir Bank Limited, Karur Vysya Bank Ltd., South Indian Bank Limited, City Union Bank Ltd., Karnataka Bank Ltd, Development Credit Bank Ltd., Lakshmi Vilas Bank Limited. Table 2 Results of private segment banks Banks (private) Numerous Parameter Mcap/PAT Mcap/Assets Mcap/Sales Mcap/Book Value Mean 8.40 0.09 0.88 1.19 StdEv 5.43

Going For The Look - Free Essay Example

Going for the Look In today’s younger, trendy, fashion stores, people are being hired for their looks and less because of their brains. Marshal Cohen, a senior industry analyst, argues about why hiring better looking people helps a store’s environment. Making a certain brand more desirable to buy, meaning the company shall make more money. Stores such as Abercrombie and Fitch have already set their image using this technique and have become quite successful. Hiring attractive people is not illegal, but it is indeed useful and profitable. Popular fashion stores know that using good looking employees will make them money. Walking into any one of these stores, I immediately notice how great the people are looking there. I then begin to wonder if buying these clothes will make me look great also. This is exactly what Cohen mentioned about and quite frankly, he’s right. The effects of using these walking billboards have affected me, and I am just one of the mass of people that also are going to be affected. Not only does having a nice environment persuade a person into buying a product of the store, it also makes the store a place that someone would want to just hang out in. And of course it is pretty hard to just hang out without buying anything. This highly profitable idea is easy as just offering an attractive person that walks in the store a job. Certain stores have a certain image that is shown by the employees and models representing it. Abercrombie and Fitch for example, has a Caucasian, preppy image. So to keep this image, Abercrombie prefers to hire preppy looking Caucasians. Tom Lennox, Abercrombie’s communications director says, â€Å"Brand representatives are ambassadors to the brand. We want to hire brand representatives that will represent the Abercrombie and Fitch brand with natural classic American style, look great while exhibiting individuality, project the brand and themselves with energy and enthusiasm, and m ake the store a warm, inviting place that provides a social experience for the customer. † This is another reason why people would buy this brand, simply to copy the image of a preppy Caucasian. Different brands have different images that set an environment that attracts different groups of people. Implementing the use of an image is an ingenious way to simply make more money, but there are others who disagree to this idea. Discrimination is a huge argument that is used when trying to prevent the hiring of only good looking employees of only certain ethnicities. There is nothing wrong when hiring someone because of the fact that they look great. If this was the problem, models could be ugly, fat, skinny, and anyone could get the job if they wanted to. The only real problem I see is these companies hiring only certain ethnicities. This is a favoring of a certain ethnicity, but mainly to set an image. People who do not get the jobs because of their ethnicity make the argum ent of why this is discrimination, but really they aren’t being hired because their ethnicity is hated. It is just because they cannot display the image as well as the company would prefer. Hiring just because of looks is a profitable action that has others opposing the idea. Companies will choose whether or not to do this, but it is inevitable to avoid. There is modeling and other jobs that require good looks. Even if opposed, this idea will draw in more customers due to the image being relayed, making the company that uses this idea money and successful.

What Does Voluntary Child Labor Constitute Slavery Essay

Despite slavery being deemed illegal across the majority of the world, millions of people are subjected to slave-like conditions on a daily basis, many of whom are children with little options for change. One aspect of slavery that commands particular attention is the exploitation of children in various factories and farms which continues to flourish in Africa, various south east Asian countries, Cambodia and India. Despite the rapid decrease in child slaves between 2000 and 2015 as a result of non-government organisation action, United nations conventions and some legal measures there are still millions of children being subjected to such treatment. This report will consider the size of the problem and the interplay between between child sex tourism, youth employment in the pursuit towards ending child prostitution, most commonly found as a form of debt bondage. It is estimated that at least 5.5 million children are currently in slavery, trafficking, debt bondage and other forms of forced labor, forced armed conflict, prostitution and other various forms of slavery. The question is, to what extent does voluntary child labor constitute slavery and, what steps have been taken to decrease high rates of child prostitution. Child bondage labor is the most widespread form of slavery in children. A child becomes a bonded laborer when their labor is demanded as a means of repayment for a loan usually taken by the Childs parents. However, the value of their work usually alwaysShow MoreRelatedEssay on Discussing the Obligation to Help the Absolutely Poor828 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussing the Obligation to Help the Absolutely Poor The question of who deserves what and who owes what to who is a philosophical question that people unendingly attempt to answer, never coming to a universal and workable conclusion. 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Online Games A New Hobby For The Past Ten Years - 865 Words

Play or not to play? Online games become a new hobby for the past ten years. People of different ages and genders play in online games and it is one of the easiest ways of entertainment. Today we have a huge variety of online games such as â€Å"Dota 2†, â€Å"World of Warcraft †, â€Å"Day Z† or â€Å"Battlefield 4†. They are varied in genre, graphics and the plot, therefore everyone can find the game they like. Since the online games become very popular, and played by the huge number of users, online gaming might affect people’s lives, and there are two sides of the coin. Online gaming is a great pleasure for the players, it relieves stress and helps a person relax, especially after a long day at work. I, myself, am often play video games, but not online, and I find it very interesting and fun. There is a difference between online video games and regular video games. In online video games people can play together and communicate with each other, therefore, players can meet new people and even become friends. For instance, my husband found a good friend online, they were playing â€Å"Counter Strike† together. Six years have passed since their acquaintance and they still play together in online games, and constantly calls up, despite the fact that they are thousands of miles apart. On the other hand, it is much easier to become friends online than in real life, because those people already have one thing in common – they are playing the same game. It is much easier to start a conversation whenShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On Physical Health1477 Words   |  6 Pagesteens are heavy users of online role-playing games (RPGs) such as World of Warcraft and multiplayer games such as Call of Duty in which they interact with other players in real time. 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Necklace and Cinderella free essay sample

Lesson Plan The Necklace and Cinderella Grade Level: 9th grade Course: 9th grade English (Intermediate to Advanced) Literature: The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant; Cinderella by Grimm Brothers l. 1 . Students will define elements of a short story, including: characterization, setting, mood, protagonist, point of view, and theme. 2. Students identify the protagonist, setting, point of view, mood, and theme(s) in The Necklace. 3. Students will intelligently predict the plot of The Necklace with peers in a small group. 4. Students will present their small group predictions to a peer audience in a clear, organized manner. 5. Students will compare and contrast The Necklace and Cinderella to demonstrate their understanding of intertextuality. II. Standards of Learning: 9. 3 (a-g); 9. 6 (a-e, g, h) Ill. This lesson is designed to expose students to Guy de Maupassant and one of his powerful French short stories, while also revealing how a preceding text influenced his story. It is important for students to understand that not all literature was written in English. We will write a custom essay sample on Necklace and Cinderella or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The language that Maupassant uses is very formal and proper. For this reason, hearing an audio version of the story will help students understand the diction better. Maupassants works are straightforward and they are effective in helping students practice identifying literary elements. It is equally significant for students to learn how certain texts can build off of one another. Students should be able to recognize this in their own lives as popular television shows often build off of classic literature, and this fact alone can make the lesson relevant to them ersonally. Cinderella is a story that most students have heard or read at some point in their lives, and their background knowledge will help them make deeper connections. Having students compare and contrast The Necklace and Cinderella will help them see how texts can interact and enhance one another, and it will help them to identify intertexuality in the future. V. 1 . Study guide for The Necklace 2. Grimm Brothers Cinderel la 3. Venn Diagram to compare and contrast The Necklace and Cinderella V. The esson will begin with a brief background lecture on Guy de Maupassants life and career (5m). Students will be encouraged to take notes during this time. Students will listen to The Necklace on CD until they hear that Madame Loisel has lost the diamond necklace (10M). Students will form groups of three or four, and they will be asked to brainstorm together and predict the rest of the storys plot (5m). Each group will be asked to write their predictions on an index card and present them before the class (5m). Students will come back together and listen to the rest of the story (5m). A brief class discussion will discuss the predictions in comparison to the actual ending (5m). Students will be given the short storys study guide to complete (30m). Next, students will be given copies Cinderella, and the class will read it silently (10m). To compare The Necklace and Cinderella in a Venn diagram (10m). There will be close communication with the special education aide/teacher. I will ensure that they have a copy of the Maupassant and intertexuality notes to go over again with the student(s). I will make sure that all learners are included in the small group prediction activity. VI. 1 . Students work together and predict the outcome of The Necklace to reveal their understanding of the first half of the storys plot. 2. Students fill in The Necklace study guide to demonstrate their comprehension of literary elements and the short storys plot. 3. Students complete the Venn diagram to show their understanding of intertexuality and connections between The Necklace and Cinderella. VI. This lesson is included in a larger short story unit. Each lesson in this unit focuses upon 1-2 short stories, and how different literary elements work together in the pieces. This lesson focuses many literary elements, especially plot, while also noting intertexuality and how The Necklace builds off of and turns upside down Cinderella. This lesson also reveals a French masterpiece that has been translated into English. The lessons that follow this one will continue asking students to identify literary elements while exposing students to short stories by different writers.