What Does Voluntary Child Labor Constitute Slavery Essay

Despite slavery being deemed illegal across the majority of the world, millions of people are subjected to slave-like conditions on a daily basis, many of whom are children with little options for change. One aspect of slavery that commands particular attention is the exploitation of children in various factories and farms which continues to flourish in Africa, various south east Asian countries, Cambodia and India. Despite the rapid decrease in child slaves between 2000 and 2015 as a result of non-government organisation action, United nations conventions and some legal measures there are still millions of children being subjected to such treatment. This report will consider the size of the problem and the interplay between between child sex tourism, youth employment in the pursuit towards ending child prostitution, most commonly found as a form of debt bondage. It is estimated that at least 5.5 million children are currently in slavery, trafficking, debt bondage and other forms of forced labor, forced armed conflict, prostitution and other various forms of slavery. The question is, to what extent does voluntary child labor constitute slavery and, what steps have been taken to decrease high rates of child prostitution. Child bondage labor is the most widespread form of slavery in children. A child becomes a bonded laborer when their labor is demanded as a means of repayment for a loan usually taken by the Childs parents. However, the value of their work usually alwaysShow MoreRelatedEssay on Discussing the Obligation to Help the Absolutely Poor828 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussing the Obligation to Help the Absolutely Poor The question of who deserves what and who owes what to who is a philosophical question that people unendingly attempt to answer, never coming to a universal and workable conclusion. 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Online Games A New Hobby For The Past Ten Years - 865 Words

Play or not to play? Online games become a new hobby for the past ten years. People of different ages and genders play in online games and it is one of the easiest ways of entertainment. Today we have a huge variety of online games such as â€Å"Dota 2†, â€Å"World of Warcraft †, â€Å"Day Z† or â€Å"Battlefield 4†. They are varied in genre, graphics and the plot, therefore everyone can find the game they like. Since the online games become very popular, and played by the huge number of users, online gaming might affect people’s lives, and there are two sides of the coin. Online gaming is a great pleasure for the players, it relieves stress and helps a person relax, especially after a long day at work. I, myself, am often play video games, but not online, and I find it very interesting and fun. There is a difference between online video games and regular video games. In online video games people can play together and communicate with each other, therefore, players can meet new people and even become friends. For instance, my husband found a good friend online, they were playing â€Å"Counter Strike† together. Six years have passed since their acquaintance and they still play together in online games, and constantly calls up, despite the fact that they are thousands of miles apart. On the other hand, it is much easier to become friends online than in real life, because those people already have one thing in common – they are playing the same game. It is much easier to start a conversation whenShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On Physical Health1477 Words   |  6 Pagesteens are heavy users of online role-playing games (RPGs) such as World of Warcraft and multiplayer games such as Call of Duty in which they interact with other players in real time. 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For many developers, this means more advertisement promotion of their games on the internet and on television or to try and improve their game to add more content for the buyers. As the case

Necklace and Cinderella free essay sample

Lesson Plan The Necklace and Cinderella Grade Level: 9th grade Course: 9th grade English (Intermediate to Advanced) Literature: The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant; Cinderella by Grimm Brothers l. 1 . Students will define elements of a short story, including: characterization, setting, mood, protagonist, point of view, and theme. 2. Students identify the protagonist, setting, point of view, mood, and theme(s) in The Necklace. 3. Students will intelligently predict the plot of The Necklace with peers in a small group. 4. Students will present their small group predictions to a peer audience in a clear, organized manner. 5. Students will compare and contrast The Necklace and Cinderella to demonstrate their understanding of intertextuality. II. Standards of Learning: 9. 3 (a-g); 9. 6 (a-e, g, h) Ill. This lesson is designed to expose students to Guy de Maupassant and one of his powerful French short stories, while also revealing how a preceding text influenced his story. It is important for students to understand that not all literature was written in English. We will write a custom essay sample on Necklace and Cinderella or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The language that Maupassant uses is very formal and proper. For this reason, hearing an audio version of the story will help students understand the diction better. Maupassants works are straightforward and they are effective in helping students practice identifying literary elements. It is equally significant for students to learn how certain texts can build off of one another. Students should be able to recognize this in their own lives as popular television shows often build off of classic literature, and this fact alone can make the lesson relevant to them ersonally. Cinderella is a story that most students have heard or read at some point in their lives, and their background knowledge will help them make deeper connections. Having students compare and contrast The Necklace and Cinderella will help them see how texts can interact and enhance one another, and it will help them to identify intertexuality in the future. V. 1 . Study guide for The Necklace 2. Grimm Brothers Cinderel la 3. Venn Diagram to compare and contrast The Necklace and Cinderella V. The esson will begin with a brief background lecture on Guy de Maupassants life and career (5m). Students will be encouraged to take notes during this time. Students will listen to The Necklace on CD until they hear that Madame Loisel has lost the diamond necklace (10M). Students will form groups of three or four, and they will be asked to brainstorm together and predict the rest of the storys plot (5m). Each group will be asked to write their predictions on an index card and present them before the class (5m). Students will come back together and listen to the rest of the story (5m). A brief class discussion will discuss the predictions in comparison to the actual ending (5m). Students will be given the short storys study guide to complete (30m). Next, students will be given copies Cinderella, and the class will read it silently (10m). To compare The Necklace and Cinderella in a Venn diagram (10m). There will be close communication with the special education aide/teacher. I will ensure that they have a copy of the Maupassant and intertexuality notes to go over again with the student(s). I will make sure that all learners are included in the small group prediction activity. VI. 1 . Students work together and predict the outcome of The Necklace to reveal their understanding of the first half of the storys plot. 2. Students fill in The Necklace study guide to demonstrate their comprehension of literary elements and the short storys plot. 3. Students complete the Venn diagram to show their understanding of intertexuality and connections between The Necklace and Cinderella. VI. This lesson is included in a larger short story unit. Each lesson in this unit focuses upon 1-2 short stories, and how different literary elements work together in the pieces. This lesson focuses many literary elements, especially plot, while also noting intertexuality and how The Necklace builds off of and turns upside down Cinderella. This lesson also reveals a French masterpiece that has been translated into English. The lessons that follow this one will continue asking students to identify literary elements while exposing students to short stories by different writers.

Religious Freedom Research Paper Example

Religious Freedom Paper Most people living in the United States assume that their first amendment rights, more specifically freedom of religion, are inherent; and they are. Religion has a long history; the first recorded religion was in Mesopotamia around 5000 BCE (Britannica). With more and more countries becoming modernized and recognizing peoples individual rights, however, how many still deny freedom of religion? Is separating church and state an indispensable element in protecting a citizens freedom of religion, or could some laws attaining to religion be beneficial in protecting religious freedom? This essays function is to answer the above questions and give a further understanding to religious freedom around the world. One of the main reasons why pilgrims decided to travel across the Atlantic Ocean to a new world in 1620 was to escape the religious persecution in England (Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War by Nathaniel Philbrick). A lot may argue that this is why religious freedom (and for the most part today, tolerance) is so evident in our country. On the opposite side of the spectrum, however, look at Saudi Arabia. The country formed, in part, due to a holy war, has a monarchial government, and adopted the Islamic holy text, The Koran, as its constitution (BBC). It also prohibits any religion except for a conservative version of Sunni Islam (US Department of State). It wouldnt be accurate, however, to assume that every countrys current-day religious tolerance depends on its foundation. Take Cuba for example: the country was founded by the Spanish, who formed it into a Catholic nation. When Fidel Castro took over power, he made Cuba a totally atheistic nation (NCRonline). We will write a custom essay sample on Religious Freedom specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Religious Freedom specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Religious Freedom specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The point Im making here is that although some countries with religious tolerance are founded on such beliefs, some are not and gravitate towards a different belief than what was originally intended. The ancient Persians, more specifically Cyrus the Great, founded the first religious freedom law in the 6th century BC. However, you have to understand that freedom of religion, religious tolerance, and freedom of worship are all different and have all varied to some degree in the past. Most countries today allow the freedom of religion, and extremely tolerant countries like the United States or Canada allow the freedom to assemble and worship. On the other hand, you have countries like Sudan. Sudan allows limited tolerance of other religions, but has declared Islam as its national religion and requires all laws be inspired by it. Even to a more extreme, you have China, more specifically the Peoples Republic of China, which allows very limited freedom of religion and expressively disallows the gathering in groups to worship (however, one must understand that because Chinas two main religions, Confucianism and Daoism, dont have gods, its difficult for Westerners to understand this religious intolerance) (US Department of State). Like I stated before, and as many Americans know, the first amendment to the Constitution declares separation of church and state; it expressively declares that no law shall infringe upon or discriminate against any religion. One must ask himself, then, why is every piece of currency in the US engraved with the phrase In God We Trust, or why does the Pledge of Allegiance to the United States include the phrase Under God? These two cases, although controversial, bring up an interesting point. Because this essay is an evaluation essay as apposed to a persuasive work, I will not discuss or imply my positions on these phrases; rather, we must realize that the basis for these phrases foster a more interesting idea: is total separation of church and state in the best interest of the common citizen? In a 100% atheistic government, there would be no law favoring a religion, but at the same time, there would be none protecting the establishment or worship of another (a law protecting this would actually be reversed discrimination, therefore discrimination in itself). In the United States, its illegal to discriminate against an individual because of their religious preferences. Every government has some form of religious law, whether it is favoring a certain religion (like Islam in Saudi Arabia), attempting to separate itself from religion while protecting an individuals rights (like Canada), or acclaiming itself as atheistic (Cuba under Castro). While there has always been religious intolerance in the world, the most recent extreme form is modern day terrorism. For this paper, lets examine the most recent and notable terrorist attacks: 9/11. On the morning of September 11, 2001, Islamic suicide terrorists boarded four commercial jet airlines, flew two of them into the World Trade Centers, one into the Pentagon in Washington, and attempted to fly one in the direction of Washington D. C. Osama Bin Laden, the mastermind behind the deadly attacks, declared a holy war against the United States. In summary, the radical Sunni Islamic sect Al-Qaeda opposes the United States position on separation of church and state and declares that You are the worst civilization witnessed by the history of mankind: You are the nation who, rather than ruling by the Shariah of Allah in its Constitution and Laws, choose to invent your own laws as you will and desire. You separate religion from your policies, contradicting the pure nature which affirms Absolute Authority to the Lord and your Creator, (The Guardian) as stated in Bin Ladens Letter to America. There will always be religious differences in this world, and it cannot be expected that all countries will be as tolerant as the United States is when it comes to a plethora of religions. Is it the United States job to help spread a belief of religious tolerance in this world? How should we go about doing it if so? If not, do we only take a defensive stance toward another terrorist attack like 9/11? Our only option is to sit back and see how the War Against Terror plays out and how other extremist groups respond. Im just glad I live in a country where I get to believe what I want, think what I want, wear what I want, and be myself. In conclusion, there are many different religions in this world, and every country takes its own approach in tolerance. In the United States, we have laws pertaining to the separation of church and state along with laws restricting discrimination due to religion. Terrorism is more prominent than ever, and 9/11 enacted a War Against Terror that still rages on today. Maybe one day, the world will see eye-to-eye on religious tolerance, but until then, lets be glad that we live in a country where we get to worship whatever we want.

Applying Learning Models in a Particular Setting

Applying Learning Models in a Particular Setting There are different ways to achieve the desired behavior in children. Researchers have developed a number of theories and learning models that provide valuable insights into peculiarities of people’s behavior and learning. Each theory can be applicable in many settings but there are also cases when only certain models can be employed, as the rest of them will be inefficient.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Applying Learning Models in a Particular Setting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the present case, it is possible to consider the following learning models: generalized imitation and over-imitation, vicarious reinforcement, operant learning model as well as social learning of aggression.  It is clear that spanking is the least appropriate method to show the child that stealing is bad. Bandura’s research shows that aggression leads to aggressive behavior in the majority of cases (Hart Kritsonis, 2006). Thus, children who observed violent behavior simply imitated it in similar situations. Notably, boys and girls were almost equally aggressive. Hence, spanking Ben will make the boy think that any inappropriate behavior should lead to aggression (spanking, in this case). The boy will use the same method when he will face situations in which somebody will act inappropriately. Ben will inevitably spank other children, as he will not know any other way to react to improper behavior. This can have even more serious implications as the behavior learned in the childhood may remain during adulthood. Ben may think that aggression and physical violence can be used in many situations in the future. More so, spanking is also impossible to utilize in the present case. According to Bandura, if aggressive behavior is accompanied by certain type of reinforcement (for example, social approval), this behavior will be used in similar settings (Hart Kritsonis, 2006). As for the pres ent case, the reaction of the owner of the shop can be regarded as social approval. The owner says that Ben’s caregiver should spank the boy. Hence, Ben will see that many people (at least, two adults) think that spanking (aggression, violence) is the most acceptable way to respond to inappropriate behavior. Clearly, it is better to use another social learning model to teach Ben that stealing is bad. Although punishment can be employed, it should not be associated with violence or aggression. At that, it can be more appropriate to utilize reinforcement in this case. It is necessary to evaluate a number of learning models to choose the most appropriate one.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is possible to start with over-imitation and generalization. Children often imitate other people’s (often adults’) behavior even without any reinforcement (Chance, 2008). This can be explained by historical preconditioning as people’s survival often depended on their ability to imitate certain behavior of models. However, in the present case, the boy does not imitate his caregiver’s behavior and does not follow her instructions. Hence, Ben’s desire to have a gum is stronger than his willingness to imitate certain behavior.  Operant learning model can be applied in this case and lead to positive results. This learning model implies the use of positive and negative reinforcement as well as negative and positive punishment (Chance, 2008). Skinner, who was one of the pioneers in this field, conducted a number of experiments with mice placed in, the so-called, Skinner’s box. Thus, when the mouse’s behavior was appropriate positive reinforcer was provided or negative reinfocer was taken away. Punishment was also used. Thus, it is believed that the use of these tools helps to achieve the necessary goals. In the present case, the boy can be punished, which will teach him that certain behavior (stealing) can lead to undesirable consequences (punishment). Later, positive reinforcement can be used to show that desirable behavior can be rewarded (by buying some fruit or something of value to Ben). In the present case, vicarious reinforcement can also be employed. Fox and Bailenson (2009) note that this model has proved to be effective in many settings. Thus, people (especially children) are more likely to imitate certain behavior when they observe that another person is rewarded for it. Likewise, people do not behave in a certain way if they see that others have been punished for it. Fox and Bailenson (2009) conduct an experiment with the use of technology; they note that the model is efficient and can be applicable in many cases.  However, in the case with Ben, it is better to use a combination of operant learning and vicarious reinforcement. It is possible to develop a modification p rogram to teach Ben that stealing is bad, based on the two models. Thus, in the first place, it is possible to work out some preventive measures. It is necessary to be more attentive when shopping with Ben. It is necessary to discuss his wants and explain why he cannot have this or that product. Thus, the caregiver should have explained to Ben why he could not have the gum. The boy should understand why he could not have the gum (which can be a punishment, response to certain health problem, desire to be healthier and so on).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Applying Learning Models in a Particular Setting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, it is important to make Ben understand that stealing is bad. Vicarious punishment and reinforcement can be used in this case. It is possible to watch some cartoons and movies with Ben. These should be stories concerning stealing. The caregiver should talk to Ben and discuss the reasons why stealing is bad. It is possible to discuss the feelings of the person whose things have been stolen and ask Ben if he felt fine in such situations. Of course, the thief should be punished in the cartoons and movies watched. It can be beneficial to watch a video where a child is praised for behaving in a proper way. All these materials can be found online. Clearly, it is necessary to undertake certain steps while being in the shop. Ben’s caregiver can explain to Ben that stealing is bad and that his behavior is inappropriate. Ben should say sorry and it is possible to ask him to explain why he took the gum after all. Of course, Ben will give the gum back to the owner. Ben’s caregiver should praise the boy for such a good and brave behavior. She should tell Ben that it is quite difficult to confess in such bad deeds and only brave boys can do that. Of course, it is important to add that brave boys also never steal, as they prefer talking every thing over and trying to obtain what they want without shameful cheating. In conclusion, it is possible to note that the present case can be an example of the use of a combination of vicarious reinforcement and operant learning model. The boy has to learn a lesson that stealing is bad. Punishment as well as vicarious reinforcement and positive reinforcement can be used to make Ben understand that stealing is inappropriate. It is also important to note that Ben’s caregiver should be more attentive and more informative next time. The boy should understand why exactly he cannot have this or that product. Reference List Chance, P. (2008). Learning and behavior: Active learning edition. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. Fox, J., Bailenson, J.N. (2009). Virtual self-modeling: The effects of vicarious reinforcement and identification on exercise behaviors. Media Psychology, 12, 1-25.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hart, K.E., Kritsonis, W.A. (2006). Critical analysis of an original writing on social learning theory: Imitation of film-mediated aggressive models by: Albert Bandura, Dorothea Ross and Sheila A. Ross (1963). National Forum of Applied Educational Research Journal, 19(3), 1-7.

Humanness in the Film Nell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Humanness in the Film Nell - Essay Example This sets her apart from the rest of the â€Å"civilized world.† Yet despite the difficulties in accepting and adapting to the new world she faces, despite the recent loss she experienced, despite the loss of the feeling of belonging, Nell still manages to push herself to learn to at least understand the new surroundings she is brought into. This presents viewers with several issues about the development of an individual as a human, and how the people react to things that are beyond the norms of the society. While one may obviously focus on the character of Nell to provide answers to these questions, one should also consider that while Nell portrays several qualities of a human despite being â€Å"superficially† different, the two doctors, Jerry and Paula, represent the society's standards of what it takes to be human. There is a general consensus that for an individual to be considered human, one 1) should know proper socialization; 2) should display proper nature and nurture, and; 3) should be able to blend well within a society through common language and set of values. It is interesting that despite Nell displaying these three major characteristics, society still views her as â€Å"abnormal,† and this is despite the society's grandstanding about diversity. Nell obviously possesses proper socialization, proper nature and nurture, and the ability to blend within a society through common language and set of values --- and despite these qualities being different from what is considered standard, Nell is human and society should view her as such. Nell knows proper socialization. According to the observations and findings of Dr. Lovell and Dr. Olsen, Nell's â€Å"personal† language is a product of her life-long interaction with her now deceased mother and twin sister. Nell's language is English, and just appears to be a bit gibberish because she adapted her mother's aphasic words due to the paralysis of half of her face after suffering from a stroke. Even though the bigger society may not see this as the most common example of proper interaction, the way Nell was able to fully integrate herself in the lives of the only two people she has ever known is already a presentation of her ability to socialize. Furthermore, even when presented with a new environment when the two doctors who are trying to help her first bring her to town, she is immediately able to befriend the sheriff's depressed wife. Even though society may still see these interactions as too limited to really show Nell's social skills, it does not necessarily mean that society's standards should be the benchmark for everything. It is clear that Nell is able to â€Å"attempt† to communicate to other â€Å"humans† who are obviously, to speak in scientific terms, of the same species as her --- which is somewhat a sure display of her unspoken awareness, and acknowledgment that yes, she is human, and yes she can try further. Nell displays prop er nature and nurture. When Nell shows how she treats her twin sister's remains with love, respect, and emotion, one can easily see how human she is. No other species in this planet can show such natural attachment of emotions to a family aside from humans. In addition, when one pays attention to her mental flashbacks, it is obvious that she was nurtured well even within just a small family since Nell's memories of her dead mother and sister are so fondly remembered even when she is already in a different world. Nell is also able to trust a person who shows her concern,

War And Civilization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

War And Civilization - Assignment Example Wars have been the violent catalyst for changes throughout history. Wars are, however, part of the agencies that help bring changes and progress in human life and the world. It might sound absurd, but wars are part of the human life activities. Wars simulate national growth, advancement in information technology, medical research, and solve some of the most complex political differences. They evoke bravery and heroism among communities and nations. In medical and health care systems, war has been the subject of appreciation as it has promoted human civilization. It is indeed a catalyst that has brought advances in medical science. Most of the chemical medicines and surgical techniques used in clinics and hospitals were not discovered when people were at peace in their homes. They were discovered and advanced when the need arose particularly when casualties of wars were in dire need of medication. Diseases such as Pestilent that evolved out of the war needed the rapid response with th e appropriate medical treatment (Smith, 2006). There are indeed several contributions of war to human civilization. The US, for example, had economic gains for its people from both World War I and II. If one looks the wars as agents of world peace, they did succeed in promoting peace and keeping the world safe. World War II eliminated Hitler who was a threat to the peace and unity of many people. In the 1973 war, Israel won a battle that enabled it to expand boundaries and acquire land that was previously a forbidden territory.